The Turbinate Bones (Nasal Conchae)
Three pairs of turbinate bones (= nasal conchae) protrude into the center of the nasal cavity. The locations and shapes of the turbinates are best seen in coronal section. The superior and middle turbinates are downward extensions of the ethmoid bone, and the inferior turbinates are small bones that attach to the maxilla bone. Between the conchae are groove-like meatuses.
The term turbinates is applied to these curved, bony plates because they function like turbines to churn the air as it passes through the nasal cavity. As it circulates, the air is warmed, moistened, and cleaned by the respiratory (= nasal) mucosa that covers the surface of the turbinates.
